Effect of a novel dwarfing mutant site on chromosome 4B on agronomic traits in common wheat.

The introduction of dwarfing genes triggered a wave of "green revolution". A number of wheats dwarfing genes have been reported in previous studies, and only a small fraction of these have been applied to production practices. Therefore, the development of novel dwarfing genes for wheat is of great value. In this study, a novel dwarfing site, Rht-yz, identified in the Yanzhan mutation, is located on chromosome 4B (30-33MB) and its mechanism of action is different from that of Rht-B1b (C-T mutation), but whether it affects the Rht-B1a (TraesCS4B02G043100) or other genes is unclear. Exogenously applied GA3 experiments showed that Rht-yz is one of the gibberellin-insensitive dwarf genes. The effects of the dwarf gene Rht-yz on agronomic traits in wheat were evaluated in the field using Yanzhan, Yanzhan mutations, F2:3 and F3:4 lines. The results showed that Rht-yz improved lodging resistance by reducing plant height, increasing diameter, wall thickness and mechanical strength of the basal stem. In terms of yield traits, Rht-yz had negative effects on tiller number plant-1, biomass plant-1 and yield plant-1, but had no significant effect on harvest index, 1000-kernel weight and spike traits. In addition, Rht-yz significantly increased crude protein, wet gluten and starch content. Therefore, the rational use of the new dwarfing site Rht-yz has potential and value in dwarf wheat breeding.

Study of real-time parameter measurement of ring rolling pieces based on machine vision.

Real time parameter measurement cannot be carried out to dynamic ring parts during automation ring rolling processes so that rolling process parameters cannot be adjusted in time. Considering effects of shaping of ring rolling parts, a visual measurement platform was set up and a machine vision-based non-contact real -time measurement method was put forward. This article improves the subpixel level edge extraction algorithm to extract edge data information of circular rolling pieces. Based on the characteristics of circular rolling pieces, an RG-Hough transform method is proposed to fit the detected edge data information. The conversion relationship between pixel and actual sizes were determined in combination with the camera calibration to gain parameters of ring rolling parts. Measurements of ring parts (OD: 462.12mm; and ID: 315.53mm) were applied to verify the effectiveness of our method. Our measurement error is ±0.25mm and our average speed can be up to 104ms/frame. Our study can provide powerful technical supports for intelligent control of ring rolling pieces.

Applications and Research Advances in the Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Systems for the Treatment of Inherited Diseases.

The rapid advancements in gene therapy have opened up new possibilities for treating genetic disorders, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and familial hypercholesterolemia. The utilization of the clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has revolutionized the field of gene therapy by enabling precise targeting of genes. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9 has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating cancer and genetic diseases. However, the susceptibility of nucleic acid drugs to degradation by nucleic acid endonucleases necessitates the development of functional vectors capable of protecting the nucleic acids from enzymatic degradation while ensuring safety and effectiveness. This review explores the biomedical potential of non-viral vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 systems for treating genetic diseases. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in viral and non-viral vector-based gene therapy for genetic disorders, including preclinical and clinical study insights. Additionally, the review analyzes the current limitations of these delivery systems and proposes avenues for developing novel nano-delivery platforms.

Multi-Enzyme Cascade-Triggered Nitric Oxide Release Nanoplatform Combined with Chemo Starvation-like Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Cancers.

Tumor drug resistance has long been a major challenge in medical oncology. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death with promising clinical applications. However, the efficacy of ferroptosis-inducing agents is often limited by endogenous factors when used alone, and thus, synergistic therapy offers a promising strategy to address this issue. In this study, we developed an iron-doped metal-organic framework (MOF), Fe/ZIF-8, loaded with glucose oxidase (Gox), l-arginine (l-arg), and adriamycin hydrochloride (Dox). The folic acid (FA)-targeted ZIF-8 (GLDFe/Z-FA) prepared was shown to be a multifunctional nanoparticle based on endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose, which trigger adaptive cellular responses in cancer cells. The intracellular glucose level and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) content decreased, indicating that GLDFe/Z-FA reduced the glucose metabolic rate and induced tumor starvation. And the generated •OH and H2O2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload to implement chemodynamic therapy (CDT). ROS catalyzed l-arg released from GLDFe/Z-FA to release nitric oxide (NO), which inhibited P-glycoprotein expression, prevented Dox efflux, and accumulated intracellular content of Dox to enhance cytotoxicity. GLDFe/Z-FA also catalyzed glutathione degradation, which further disrupted intracellular redox homeostasis, enhanced CDT, and induced cell death. It was shown to follow the ferroptosis pathway and strongly inhibited tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that GLDFe/Z-FA effectively inhibits tumor proliferation, highlighting its potential as a viable therapeutic approach to suppress cancer progression.

Simple and Visible Detection of Novel Astroviruses Causing Fatal Gout in Goslings Using One-Step Reverse Transcription Polymerase Spiral Reaction Method.

In this study, a one-step isothermal method combining polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) with reverse transcription (RT-PSR) was established for rapid and specific detection of novel astroviruses causing fatal gout in goslings (N-GoAstV). The one-step RT-PSR was accomplished at the optimal temperature of 62°C and time of 40 min and used primers simply designed as conventional PCR primers, and the results of detection were visible to the naked eye. The detection limit of PSR was above 34.7 copies/µL at a 95% probability level according to probit regression analysis. The assay specifically detected N-GoAstV, and no other reference viruses were detected. These results suggest that the newly established RT-PSR assay could, in one step, accomplish reverse-transcription, amplification, and result determination providing a visible, convenient, rapid, and cost-effective test that can be carried out onsite, in order to ensure timely quarantine of N-GoAstV-infected birds, leading to effective disease control.